Partial Differentiation of Europa and Implications for the Origin of Materials in the Jupiter System Academic Background Europa, one of Jupiter’s icy moons, has long been considered one of the most promising candidates for extraterrestrial life in the solar system. Its surface is covered by a thick ice layer, beneath which a liquid water ocean may ...

In-depth Investigation of Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Enceladus’s Subglacial Ocean Academic Background Enceladus, one of Saturn’s icy moons, has tiger stripe fractures at its south pole that are identified as sources of both thermal emission and water vapor plumes. The existence of these heat anomalies suggests active hydrothermal processes beneath...

Early Pleistocene Glacier Ice Preserved in Permafrost in the Eastern Canadian Arctic Academic Background Permafrost is a crucial paleoenvironmental archive on Earth, capable of preserving valuable information such as fossils, plant remains, organic materials, and ancient DNA. In recent years, scientists have discovered that the preservation of glac...

Salt Marsh Topography Reveals the Signature of Storm-Surge-Driven Sedimentation Academic Background Salt marshes are transitional zones located in low-lying, sheltered coastlines, situated between land and sea. They are among the most productive and fragile ecosystems on Earth, providing essential ecological services such as carbon sequestration, w...

Terrestrial Ecosystem Crisis at the Permian-Triassic Boundary Academic Background The Permian-Triassic boundary (approximately 252 million years ago) marks one of the most severe mass extinction events in Earth’s history, devastating not only marine ecosystems but also profoundly impacting terrestrial ecosystems. Although scientists generally agree...