Light Adaptation Drives New Motility Patterns in Green Algae — A Review of “Intermediate light adaptation induces oscillatory phototaxis switching and pattern formation in Chlamydomonas” 1. Research Background and Scientific Questions Microswimmers at the microscopic scale, such as unicellular algae, bacteria, and sperm, are important ecological co...

New Discovery of Green Microswimmer: Oscillatory Phototaxis and Pattern Formation Induced by Light Adaptation — Review of “intermediate light adaptation induces oscillatory phototaxis switching and pattern formation in chlamydomonas” 1. Research and Academic Background Light, as a core environmental signal for living organisms, drives diverse behav...

Academic Background Proton transfer plays a central role in biological energy conversion (e.g., ATP synthesis) and signal transduction. Traditional theory posits that protons move via a “hopping mechanism” through water chains or amino acid side chains, while the recently proposed “proton-coupled electron transfer” (PCET) hypothesis suggests that e...

Academic Background Bowling is one of the most popular sports in the United States, with over 45 million people regularly participating as of 2017. With millions of dollars at stake in national competitions each year, improving player scores has become a research focus. However, due to the complexity of calculations and the numerous variables affec...

Academic Background Studying the behavior of materials under extreme conditions (such as high pressure and high temperature) is an important topic in condensed matter physics and materials science. Laser shock technology can apply extremely high pressure to materials on a nanosecond timescale, while X-ray diffraction technology can capture structur...