Iron (Fe) is one of the most abundant elements on Earth, widely present in soils and sediments, and participates in global carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles. The redox reactions of iron play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles, particularly in the processes of iron oxidation and reduction. Iron minerals, especially mixed-valent iron minerals ...

Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used to extract natural gas from unconventional reservoirs, but it generates large volumes of flowback and produced water. These waters contain complex mixtures of organic and inorganic constituents, particularly the solids associated with these fluids, which are often rich in iron (Fe), toxic organics, heavy met...

Study on Soft X-ray Prompt Emission from the High-Redshift Gamma-Ray Burst EP240315A Background Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are among the most violent explosive events in the universe, typically lasting from milliseconds to hundreds of seconds. Long Gamma-Ray Bursts (Long GRBs) are believed to originate from the core collapse of massive stars, making t...

Partial Differentiation of Europa and Implications for the Origin of Materials in the Jupiter System Academic Background Europa, one of Jupiter’s icy moons, has long been considered one of the most promising candidates for extraterrestrial life in the solar system. Its surface is covered by a thick ice layer, beneath which a liquid water ocean may ...

In-depth Investigation of Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Enceladus’s Subglacial Ocean Academic Background Enceladus, one of Saturn’s icy moons, has tiger stripe fractures at its south pole that are identified as sources of both thermal emission and water vapor plumes. The existence of these heat anomalies suggests active hydrothermal processes beneath...