Mechanistic Study on How Retrotransposon-derived Capsid Genes PNMA1 and PNMA4 Maintain Reproductive Capacity — A New Research Review from Nature Aging I. Research Background and Scientific Significance Nearly half of the DNA in the human and mammalian genome is made up of retrotransposons, sequences that originally existed as “parasitic molecules” ...
1. Academic Background Since the origin of life, living organisms have needed to construct effective barriers to protect their cells from external physical and chemical damage. In the realms of bacteria and archaea, the surface layer (S-layer) is a universally present and exquisitely structured two-dimensional protein lattice that substitutes for t...
New Mechanism of Immune Cell Migration Revealed: How Monocytes “Pioneer Their Path” in the Tumor Microenvironment I. Academic Research Background and the Central Question Cell migration is a crucial biological process in life, encompassing embryonic development, tissue repair, immune responses, and the progression of various diseases. In the contex...
Academic Background and Research Motivation The cytoskeleton is the core structural support responsible for maintaining cell morphology and mechanical properties and is mainly composed of three major classes: actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Among these, intermediate filaments play an irreplaceable role in maintaining cell...
Light Adaptation Drives New Motility Patterns in Green Algae — A Review of “Intermediate light adaptation induces oscillatory phototaxis switching and pattern formation in Chlamydomonas” 1. Research Background and Scientific Questions Microswimmers at the microscopic scale, such as unicellular algae, bacteria, and sperm, are important ecological co...
Molecular Mechanism Analysis of ADPKD Pathogenic Variants in Ion Channels – In-depth Interpretation of PNAS 2025 Latest Original Research I. Academic Research Background and Scientific Significance Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common monogenic disorders worldwide, affecting millions of individuals. The pat...
New Discovery of Green Microswimmer: Oscillatory Phototaxis and Pattern Formation Induced by Light Adaptation — Review of “intermediate light adaptation induces oscillatory phototaxis switching and pattern formation in chlamydomonas” 1. Research and Academic Background Light, as a core environmental signal for living organisms, drives diverse behav...
Re-evaluating the Influence of Synonymous Codons on Protein Backbone Conformation — A Dialectic Under Rigorous Statistical Testing in Structural Biology 1. Academic Background and Research Motivation In the fields of molecular biology and structural biology, the relationship between codons and protein structure has long been a focal point of resear...
I. Research Background and Scientific Significance Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a common monogenic hereditary kidney disease that affects millions of people worldwide. ADPKD is primarily caused by mutations in the renal polycystin family (especially the PKD1 and PKD2 genes), which encode channel subunits pivotal for ion c...
New Insights into the Molecular Dynamics and Allosteric Network Regulation Mechanisms of the Common Cushing’s Syndrome Mutation L205R in Protein Kinase A: Interpreting the Latest Original Research from PNAS I. Research Background and Scientific Questions Protein kinase A (PKA) is a key intracellular signal transduction molecule that regulates a var...