Background Esophageal cancer ranks as the seventh most prevalent cancer globally and is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, accounting for over half a million deaths annually. Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the primary types of esophageal cancer, particularly prevalent in Asian regions. For patients with unresecta...

Academic Background and Problem Statement Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 15-20% of all breast cancer cases. Due to the lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), TNBC is insensitive to hormone the...

Miltefosine Reinvigorates Exhausted T Cells by Targeting Their Bioenergetic State Academic Background T cell exhaustion is a significant challenge in immunotherapy, particularly in cancer treatment. It typically occurs when T cells are chronically exposed to antigen stimulation, leading to a gradual loss of function, characterized by reduced effect...

Role of Combined Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy in Melanoma Immune Response Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors have made significant progress in clinical oncology, especially anti-PD-1 (anti-programmed death protein 1) and anti-CTLA-4 (anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4) therapies, which have been proven to induce long-term re...

Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive central nervous system malignancy with very poor prognosis, typically associated with short patient survival. Although significant advancements have been made in tumor treatment technologies and strategies in recent years, traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy still struggle to achieve satisf...