1. Academic Background: The Mysterious Link between X Chromosome Inactivation and Aging In mammals, females possess two X chromosomes while males have only one. To maintain gene dosage balance between the sexes, females undergo a process called X chromosome inactivation (XCI) early in development, in which one of the two X chromosomes is randomly s...

I. Academic Background and Research Significance Wound healing is a highly complex physiological process that plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration, repair, and immune regulation. However, poor healing of chronic wounds is clinically widespread, severely impacting patients’ quality of life and increasing medical and socioeconomic burdens. The...

I. Academic Background and Research Motivation Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by eczematous lesions, intense itching, and impairment of skin barrier function. Its pathogenesis is highly complex, involving genetic susceptibility, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and environmenta...

Advances in Cellular Therapies for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGVHD) — An Authoritative Review on the Paper “Cellular therapies for the prevention and treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease” 1. Academic Background and Motivation Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is one of the most severe complicatio...

Academic Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the leading causes of cognitive impairment and vision loss in the elderly population worldwide. Although they affect different organs (the brain and the retina, respectively), recent studies have revealed shared pathological features, such as β-amyloid (Aβ) ...

1. Research Background The pathogenesis of chronic lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear, particularly regarding the interaction between pulmonary commensal microbiota and the immune system. While interleukin-10 (IL-10), a key anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been extensively studied in gut homeostasis, its role in pulmonary immun...

1. Research Background Intestinal Th17 cells play a central role in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis and defending against pathogen infections. Previous studies identified segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) as key microbes inducing intestinal Th17 cells, but controversies exist regarding SFB colonization in adult intestines: 1. Clinical Par...

Academic Background γδ T cells are a unique subset of the immune system, characterized by T cell receptors (TCRs) composed of γ and δ chains that recognize non-peptide antigens, such as phosphoantigens (PAgs) produced by microbial or tumor cells. Among them, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the most abundant γδ T cell subset in human circulation and play a criti...

Academic Background One of the defining features of the adaptive immune system is its ability to generate highly diverse antigen receptors through V(D)J recombination, enabling recognition of a broad range of pathogenic threats. The traditional view holds that somatic hypermutation (SHM) in germinal centers (GCs) can only optimize pre-existing anti...

I. Research Background The intestinal immune system must balance tolerance and defense against dietary antigens, microbiota-derived antigens, and self-antigens. Although CD4+ T cells are known to play a central role in gut immunity, how different antigen sources shape the composition of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire remains unclear. The trad...