Academic Background Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the synovial membrane of joints, leading to inflammation and erosive lesions. Approximately 0.5% to 1% of the global population is affected by this disease, particularly among the elderly, who often experience dysphagia, which limits the compliance ...

Academic Background Cancer is a complex and highly prevalent disease worldwide, causing nearly 10 million deaths annually. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial for improving patient survival rates. Current cancer treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Among these, radiotherapy is a critic...

Background Introduction Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, and despite significant progress in treatment, the complexity of tumors, particularly tumor hypoxia, remains a major obstacle to successful therapy. Hypoxic regions are prevalent in solid tumors, where oxygen concentrations are significantly lower than in normal tissues ...

Academic Background Cardiovascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis, are one of the leading causes of death globally. Elevated cholesterol levels are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Atorvastatin (ATV) is a widely used cholesterol-lowering drug, but its oral bioavailability is low, primarily due to first-pass metabolism. To improve th...

In the field of medicinal chemistry, molecular diversification is a crucial step in the discovery of new drugs. However, existing catalytic methods often face challenges when dealing with complex drug molecules, as these molecules are typically more complex than simple substrates. In particular, the formation of carbon-heteroatom (C–X) bonds is an ...