In recent years, the significant role of the human gut microbiota (HGM) in the metabolism of drugs and nutrients has gradually been recognized. The gut microbiota not only affects the bioavailability of orally administered drugs but also participates in the biotransformation of drugs and bioactive molecules through its metabolic enzymes, thereby in...
T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a crucial role in the adaptive immune system by recognizing pathogens through binding to specific antigen epitopes. Understanding the interactions between TCRs and epitopes is essential for uncovering the biological mechanisms of immune responses and developing T cell-mediated immunotherapies. However, although the impo...
Academic Background With the rapid advancement of sequencing technology, scientists have been able to obtain a vast amount of protein sequence data, including many enzyme sequences. However, despite the establishment of large enzyme databases such as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and BRENDA, sequence information for many enzyme...
Plasmids are small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that exist independently of chromosomal DNA in bacteria. They facilitate horizontal gene transfer, enabling host bacteria to acquire beneficial traits such as antibiotic resistance and metal resistance. Some plasmids can transfer, replicate, or persist in multiple microorganisms, and these...
Academic Background DNA sequence alignment is a core task in genomics, aiming to map short DNA fragments (reads) to the most probable locations on a reference genome. Traditional methods typically involve two steps: first, indexing the genome, followed by efficient searching to locate potential positions for the reads. However, with the exponential...
The three-dimensional structure of a protein is determined by its amino acid sequence, and the function of the protein is highly dependent on its three-dimensional structure. The side-chain conformations of proteins play a crucial role in protein folding, protein-protein interactions, and de novo protein design. Accurate prediction of protein side-...