1. Academic Background Glioblastoma (GBM) and pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (e.g., H3K27M-mutant) are among the most aggressive tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), with limited efficacy from conventional treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy). For decades, the CNS was considered to have “immune privilege,” meaning the immune s...

Cancer, as a major global public health challenge, is characterized by complex mechanisms underlying its onset and progression. For a long time, processes within the tumor microenvironment (TME)—such as immunity, inflammation, and angiogenesis—have been extensively studied and considered key determinants of tumor biological behavior. In recent year...

T cell receptors (TCRs) play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing antigen peptides presented by major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs), thereby initiating immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. However, the specificity of TCRs—their ability to distinguish self-antigens from non-self antigens—is central to the effective...

PD-L1 in Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promotes T Cell Senescence through Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming Academic Background In recent years, immunotherapy has shown great promise in cancer treatment, particularly in checkpoint blockade therapies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-ly...

Study on Reducing Toxicity of CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors Academic Background Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has made significant progress in treating hematologic malignancies, but its application in solid tumors faces major challenges. Solid tumors often lack tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), and CAR-T cells may attack norm...