Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Chronic IL-1 Elevation Drive Hippocampal DNA Double-Strand Break Signaling, Leading to Cognitive Deficits

Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology, Basic Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Genetics, Microbiology,
Toxoplasma gondii infection   chronic inflammation   IL-1   hippocampus   DNA double-strand break   cognitive deficit   spatial memory  

Chronic Toxoplasma Infection and Elevated IL-1 Lead to Hippocampal Dysfunction via DNA Double-Strand Break Signaling: A Review of the Latest Nature Neuroscience 2025 Study Academic Background and Research Rationale In recent years, neuroinflammation has garnered increasing attention in the academic community due to its role in various brain disease...

Nerve- and Airway-Associated Interstitial Macrophages Mitigate SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis via Type I Interferon Signaling

Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Respiratory System, Life Sciences, Immunology,
SARS-CoV-2   Type I Interferon   Macrophages   Inflammation   Viral Infection  

1. Academic Background The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of immunoregulatory mechanisms in respiratory viral infections. Despite vaccine advancements, the rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2 continues to threaten public health. Studies indicate that severe COVID-19 cases are often associated with dysregulated immune responses rather tha...

Computationally Designed Proteins Mimic Antibody Immune Evasion in Viral Evolution

Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Life Sciences, Biochemistry, Bioengineering, Immunology, Microbiology,
computational design   immune evasion   viral evolution   vaccine evaluation   SARS-CoV-2  

Academic Background The continuous mutation of SARS-CoV-2 has posed ongoing challenges to the efficacy of vaccines and antibody therapies. Traditional evaluation methods can only test against existing variants and fail to predict future immune escape mutations. To address this, Noor Youssef and colleagues developed the EVE-Vax (Evolutionary Variant...

A Hierarchy of Intestinal Antigens Instructs the CD4+ T Cell Receptor Repertoire

Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology, Gastroenterology, Life Sciences, Immunology,
intestinal immunity   T cell receptor   microbiota   dietary antigens   inflammatory bowel disease  

I. Research Background The intestinal immune system must balance tolerance and defense against dietary antigens, microbiota-derived antigens, and self-antigens. Although CD4+ T cells are known to play a central role in gut immunity, how different antigen sources shape the composition of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire remains unclear. The trad...

Vaccination of Nonhuman Primates Elicits a Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Lineage Targeting a Quaternary Epitope on the HIV-1 Env Trimer

Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Microbiology,
Nonhuman Primates   HIV-1 Env Trimer   Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies   Quaternary Epitope   Vaccination  

1. Research Background The envelope glycoprotein (Env) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies, but its high variability poses challenges for vaccine development. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are rare in natural infections and typically require years to emerge. Although Env trimer m...

Differential Elimination of Marked Sex Chromosomes Enables Production of Nontransgenic Male Mosquitoes in a Single Strain

Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Life Sciences, Bioengineering, Genetics,
mosquito control   sex-separation   homomorphic sex chromosome   recessive lethal   sterile insect technique  

Research Background The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a primary vector for arboviruses such as dengue and Zika. Current genetic control strategies relying on the release of non-biting males (e.g., Sterile Insect Technique, SIT, or Wolbachia-based Incompatible Insect Technique, IIT) face a critical bottleneck: how to efficiently and cost-effectively iso...