Background Introduction The application of live bacteria in the biomedical field has garnered significant attention in recent years. Traditionally, bacteria were viewed as pathogens that needed to be eradicated. However, with the advancement of modern bacteriology, there has been a growing recognition of the complex symbiotic relationship between b...

Academic Background Hereditary deafness is one of the most common sensory disorders worldwide, affecting over 400 million people, with approximately 60% of congenital deafness linked to genetic factors. Although adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy shows great potential in treating hereditary deafness, significant concerns remain rega...

Academic Background Neuroscience research has made significant progress over the past decade, particularly in the development of neurotechnologies and genetic tools for dissecting neural circuit functions. However, the advancement of neuropharmacological methodologies has lagged in comparison. Understanding the precise pharmacological mechanisms of...

Background Introduction In cell biology, understanding how cells respond differently to perturbations is crucial. Perturbation refers to altering cell states through gene editing, chemical substances, environmental changes, or mechanical forces to study their functions. However, existing methods have limitations in quantifying heterogeneous respons...

In the field of functional genomics, researchers have long been dedicated to predicting causal regulatory relationships from observational data. However, despite modern technologies enabling the measurement of diverse molecular modalities, inferring causal regulatory relationships from observational data remains challenging. In particular, the iden...