Academic Background Nanoparticles (NPs) have increasingly been applied in the medical field, particularly in bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), due to their unique physicochemical properties, have become a focal point in biomedical research. However, despite their significant therapeutic potential, the biosafety ...

Academic Background Equilibrioception is a crucial ability for mammals to perceive and navigate the three-dimensional world. This ability relies on the rapid mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) response of vestibular hair cells (VHCs), which detects the position and motion of the head. Although previous studies have shown that transmembrane channe...

T cell receptors (TCRs) play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing antigen peptides presented by major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs), thereby initiating immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. However, the specificity of TCRs—their ability to distinguish self-antigens from non-self antigens—is central to the effective...

Academic Background Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) is a crucial experimental technique for determining the structures of macromolecules such as proteins. However, the effectiveness of Cryo-EM is often hindered by noise and missing density values caused by experimental conditions such as low contrast and conformational heterogeneity. Althou...

Academic Background The field of neuroscience has long been dedicated to understanding how neural circuits generate and control complex behaviors. Although simple model organisms, such as mollusks, crustaceans, and annelids, have provided valuable models for research due to their accessible nervous systems and large characteristic neurons, in many ...