C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansions Impair Microglial Response in ALS

Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Genetics,
C9orf72   hexanucleotide repeat expansion   microglia   amyotrophic lateral sclerosis   single-nuclei transcriptome   endolysosomal pathway   genetic mechanism  

C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansions Impair Microglial Response in ALS Patients — In-depth Report on the November 2025 Issue of Nature Neuroscience 1. Academic Background and Research Motivation Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disabling neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, with most patients dyi...

Microglia Transcriptional States and Their Functional Significance: Context Drives Diversity

Medicine, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology,
microglia   transcriptional states   single-cell sequencing   brain microenvironment   functional diversity  

Academic Background Microglia are the only resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS) and play critical roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. Traditionally, microglia were viewed as homogeneous “resting” or “activated” states, but the advent of single-cell sequencing technologies has revealed their remarkable transcriptional...

Direct Microglia Replacement Reveals Pathologic and Therapeutic Contributions of Brain Macrophages to a Monogenic Neurological Disease

Medicine, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Immunology,
microglia   macrophages   monogenic disease   neuropathology   therapy  

Academic Background Krabbe disease (also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy, GLD) is a fatal pediatric neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. A hallmark pathological feature of this disease is the presence of lipid-laden globoid cells (GCs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, hematopoie...

Monocytes Can Efficiently Replace All Brain Macrophages and Fetal Liver Monocytes Can Generate Bona Fide Sall1+ Microglia

Medicine, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Immunology,
monocytes   brain macrophages   fetal liver monocytes   microglia   Alzheimer's disease   cell replacement therapy   epigenetics  

Academic Background The homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) relies on two key types of macrophages: microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs). Traditionally, microglia are believed to originate from the embryonic yolk sac and possess lifelong self-renewal capabilities, while bone marrow (BM)-derived monocytes in adults cannot r...

Propagation of Neuronal Micronuclei Regulates Microglial Characteristics

Medicine, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Immunology,
neuronal micronuclei   microglia   neurodevelopment   transcriptome signature   morphological changes  

Study on the Propagation of Neuronal Micronuclei Regulating Microglial Characteristics Academic Background Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis, regulating neuronal development, synaptic pruning, and responding to pathological states. However, despite extensiv...

Microglia and Macrophages in Glioblastoma: Landscapes and Treatment Directions

Medicine, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Oncology, Life Sciences, Immunology,
glioblastoma   microglia   macrophages   tumor microenvironment   immunotherapy   single-cell sequencing   tumor-associated macrophages  

Microglia and Macrophages in Glioblastoma Academic Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by high invasiveness and lethality. Despite standard treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the survival rate of patients remains extremely limited, with a medi...