Analysis of the Effect of Central LEAP-2 on Food Intake and Its Impact on Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Release Background Introduction Gut-brain peptides such as ghrelin and their receptors have been established as important factors in regulating hunger and reward processing. However, the liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (Leap2), an inverse ag...

This academic paper, authored by researchers Elizabeth C. Heaton, Esther H. Seo, Laura M. Butkovich, Sophie T. Yount, and Shannon L. Gourley, primarily explores the role of the melanocortin system in the dorsal striatum in controlling goal-directed behavior and inflexible behavior, particularly in inhibiting habitual behavior in the dorsolateral st...

The Role of Prefrontal-Subthalamic θ Signals in Regulating Delayed Responses in Conflict Processing Background and Research Objectives Conflict processing plays a crucial role in human behavioral regulation. When faced with conflicting information, making an accurate decision requires delaying the response to gain time to choose the appropriate beh...

This article is written by Jeremy M. Sullivan et al. and published in the journal “Science Translational Medicine” on May 22, 2024, titled “Gain-of-function TRPV4 Mutations in Endothelial Cells Disrupt the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier and Cause Motor Neuron Degeneration in Mice.” Academic Background The research background of this article revolves aro...

Using the Suppression of Cytoplasmic Iron-Sulfur Cluster Assembly to Restore PTEN and Inhibit Glioma Stem Cells Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal primary brain tumors. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) not only initiate and sustain the malignant phenotype but also enhance treatment resistance. Although PTEN frequently mutates in gliobl...

Liver Danger Signal Triggers TREM2+ Macrophage-Mediated MS4A7-Dependent Inflammasome Activation Driving Steatohepatitis Background and Research Motivation In recent years, with the increasing incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), its pathological mechanisms have garnered significant attention. MASH, formerly known as...