Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulates B Cell Effector Cytokines and Promotes Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Background Introduction In recent years, the antibody-independent functions of B cells in health and disease have become a research hotspot, particularly their ability to secrete different cytokines that can activate or downregulate local i...

Nucleotide Base Adducts Bind MR1 and Stimulate MR1-Restricted T Cells Abstract This article provides an overview of the latest research by Vacchini et al. on MR1-restricted T cells (MR1T cells), which discovered the presence of nucleotide base adducts as MR1T cell antigens and unveiled their metabolic pathways and physiological functions in tumor c...

TREM2 Deficiency Remodels Intestinal Macrophages and Microbiota to Enhance Anti-PD-1 Tumor Immunotherapy A research team from the Washington University School of Medicine, led by Blanda Di Luccia and other scientists, recently published a study in the journal Science Immunology, revealing how intestinal microbiota and tumor-associated macrophages i...

Immunotherapy Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs, also known as immune checkpoint blockers) are a class of drugs that have achieved significant breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy in recent years. These drugs mainly work by blocking Programmed Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4), thereby activating anti-tumor ...

Research Background γδ T cells play an important role in the immune system, particularly in protective immunity, homeostasis, and tissue repair. Unlike conventional αβ T cells, which are restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC), γδ T cells directly seed peripheral tissues and respond to various microbial stimuli without relying on MHC-p...

Inducing Immune Tolerance through Peripheral Clonal Deletion Targeting PD-1 Expressing Cells Background Introduction The establishment of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire through thymic negative selection is a key process for achieving self-tolerance and acquired tolerance post-organ transplantation. However, it remains unclear whether the specific...