Mechanism of Stromal Fibroblasts in Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis Background Introduction Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, and metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. The lung is one of the most common sites of breast cancer metastasis, yet the mechanisms underlying this process rema...

TSH/TSHR Signaling Promotes CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion and Immune Evasion in Colorectal Cancer Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates. Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has shown significant efficacy in some patients, the majority of CRC patients, parti...

Microglia and Macrophages in Glioblastoma Academic Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by high invasiveness and lethality. Despite standard treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the survival rate of patients remains extremely limited, with a medi...

Delivery of Enzyme Replacement Therapy Across the Blood-Brain Barrier for Hunter Syndrome Background Hunter syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis II, MPS II) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) enzyme. This enzyme deficiency leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (such as heparan sulfa...

Plasma S100β as a Predictor for Pathology and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease Academic Background Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (tau). These pathological changes lead to gra...