Research Background In the tumor microenvironment, highly aggressive tumors evade immune system attacks by suppressing the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. The cGAS-STING pathway is a critical mechanism for cells to sense cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA and initiate immune responses. cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) catalyzes the production of cGAMP upo...

Background Introduction For a long time, the scientific community has generally believed that mammalian neural stem cells (NSCs) exist only in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in specific regions of the brain, such as the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone near the lateral ventricles. NSCs in these regions ca...

Academic Background Ribophagy is a selective autophagy process responsible for regulating the degradation and turnover of ribosomes. Ribosomes are the core machinery for protein synthesis in cells, and their synthesis and degradation are crucial for cellular adaptation to environmental changes, such as nutrient deprivation. Under nutrient-rich cond...

Academic Background In eukaryotic cells, the transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus is a central process of the secretory system, responsible for the spatiotemporal sorting of proteins and lipids. However, the nature of the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and the molecular mechanisms mediating the transition ...

Academic Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly, characterized by the pathological features of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Although aging is the most prominent risk factor for AD, the cellular mechanisms linking the decline in neuronal proteostasis to t...

Academic Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of intercellular communication, carrying proteins, lipids, and genetic information to participate in various physiological and pathological processes. However, our understanding of EVs remains incomplete, particularly regarding the study of exceptionally large EVs. To address th...