IL-10 Sensing by Lung Interstitial Macrophages Prevents Bacterial Dysbiosis-Driven Pulmonary Inflammation and Maintains Immune Homeostasis

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Respiratory System, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Immunology, Microbiology,
IL-10   Lung Interstitial Macrophages   Bacterial Dysbiosis   Pulmonary Inflammation   Immune Homeostasis   Chronic Inflammation   Microbiota  

1. Research Background The pathogenesis of chronic lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear, particularly regarding the interaction between pulmonary commensal microbiota and the immune system. While interleukin-10 (IL-10), a key anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been extensively studied in gut homeostasis, its role in pulmonary immun...

Alcaligenes faecalis Induces Intestinal T Helper 17 Cells by Promoting E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM21-Mediated FBXW7 Degradation

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Microbiology,
Alcaligenes faecalis   Th17 cells   TRIM21   FBXW7   ubiquitination   intestinal immunity   cell differentiation  

1. Research Background Intestinal Th17 cells play a central role in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis and defending against pathogen infections. Previous studies identified segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) as key microbes inducing intestinal Th17 cells, but controversies exist regarding SFB colonization in adult intestines: 1. Clinical Par...

Phosphoantigen-Induced Inside-Out Stabilization of Butyrophilin Receptor Complexes Drives Dimerization-Dependent γδ TCR Activation

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Biophysics,
phosphoantigens   Butyrophilin receptor complexes   γδ TCR   dimerization   cell activation  

Academic Background γδ T cells are a unique subset of the immune system, characterized by T cell receptors (TCRs) composed of γ and δ chains that recognize non-peptide antigens, such as phosphoantigens (PAgs) produced by microbial or tumor cells. Among them, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the most abundant γδ T cell subset in human circulation and play a criti...

Direct Microglia Replacement Reveals Pathologic and Therapeutic Contributions of Brain Macrophages to a Monogenic Neurological Disease

Medicine, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Immunology,
microglia   macrophages   monogenic disease   neuropathology   therapy  

Academic Background Krabbe disease (also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy, GLD) is a fatal pediatric neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. A hallmark pathological feature of this disease is the presence of lipid-laden globoid cells (GCs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, hematopoie...

Monocytes Can Efficiently Replace All Brain Macrophages and Fetal Liver Monocytes Can Generate Bona Fide Sall1+ Microglia

Medicine, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Immunology,
monocytes   brain macrophages   fetal liver monocytes   microglia   Alzheimer's disease   cell replacement therapy   epigenetics  

Academic Background The homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) relies on two key types of macrophages: microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs). Traditionally, microglia are believed to originate from the embryonic yolk sac and possess lifelong self-renewal capabilities, while bone marrow (BM)-derived monocytes in adults cannot r...

Vaccination of Nonhuman Primates Elicits a Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Lineage Targeting a Quaternary Epitope on the HIV-1 Env Trimer

Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Microbiology,
Nonhuman Primates   HIV-1 Env Trimer   Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies   Quaternary Epitope   Vaccination  

1. Research Background The envelope glycoprotein (Env) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies, but its high variability poses challenges for vaccine development. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are rare in natural infections and typically require years to emerge. Although Env trimer m...