Scientific Report Background Introduction Perception and neuronal processing of sensory information are largely influenced by prior expectations. Perception is not merely passive reception, but an active inferential process by combining existing sensory information with prior information based on past experience and current context. The combination...

Electrophysiological Signatures of Veridical Head Direction in Humans Navigation is one of the core components of human complex cognition, where head direction information is crucial for positioning oneself in space. However, due to the requirement of having the head fixed in a specific position during most neuroimaging experiments, understanding h...

Brain Mechanism Study on Emotion Processing Bias in Patients with Highly Treatment-Resistant Depression Background Introduction Depression is one of the mental diseases prevalent in modern society that severely affect individuals’ physical and mental health. According to Beck’s cognitive model, the development and maintenance of depression are larg...

Research Background and Objectives Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others and is a crucial foundation for human social interaction and prosocial behavior. Current neuroimaging studies have identified specific brain regions that play key roles in empathetic pain, including the anterior insula (AI), anterior cingulate c...

Study on the Differences in Cortical Layers During Epileptic Seizure Onset and Spread Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that severely impacts patients’ quality of life, affecting approximately 1% of the global population. Among all epilepsy patients, nearly one-third are resistant to pharmaceutical treatments, known as drug-resistant epilepsy. Fo...