Academic Background and Problem Statement In the field of fuzzy sets (Fuzzy Sets, FSs), handling uncertainty is one of the core challenges. Fuzzy sets were first introduced by Zadeh in 1965 and quickly became a hot topic in theoretical and applied research. With the deepening of research, an extended form of fuzzy sets—Orthopair Fuzzy Sets (OFSs)—e...
Academic Background Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, particularly among individuals over the age of 50. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for improving patient survival rates. However, traditional CRC screening methods, such as colonoscopy, rely heavily on the experience and visual judgment of ph...
Academic Background In modern football economics, a player’s transfer market value is not only determined by their on-field performance but also influenced by factors such as their popularity and social media presence. With the globalization of the football industry, clubs are increasingly relying on data-driven analysis for decision-making in the ...
Academic Background Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a crucial tool for studying brain activity, widely used in neuroscience, clinical diagnosis, and brain-computer interfaces. However, EEG signals are often contaminated by various artifacts during acquisition, such as electrooculography (EOG) and electromyography (EMG). These artifacts significantly ...
Academic Background In the real world, network data (such as social networks, citation networks, etc.) often contain multiple types of nodes and edges, and these network structures evolve dynamically over time. To better analyze these complex networks, researchers have proposed network embedding techniques, which aim to represent nodes and edges in...
Academic Background Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive form of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), accounting for approximately 30% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Although first-line immunochemotherapy (e.g., R-CHOP regimen) has shown efficacy in DLBCL patients, about 30% of patients relapse or become refractory (relapsed/refrac...
Academic Background Introduction The spliceosome is a highly dynamic macromolecular complex responsible for the precise excision of introns from pre-mRNA. Although recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have provided a comprehensive structural understanding of the stepwise assembly, catalytic splicing, and final disassembly of the sp...
Academic Background G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most abundant family of cell surface receptors in the human body and are also the most common targets of FDA-approved drugs. GPCRs play a crucial role in the treatment of various diseases, including pain, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. However, drug development targetin...
Academic Background Cancer immunotherapy has become a hot topic in cancer research in recent years, with its core goal being to activate the patient’s own immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. However, cancer cells evade immune system attacks through various mechanisms, one of which is the expression of the “don’t eat me” signal mo...
Academic Background Equilibrioception is a crucial ability for mammals to perceive and navigate the three-dimensional world. This ability relies on the rapid mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) response of vestibular hair cells (VHCs), which detects the position and motion of the head. Although previous studies have shown that transmembrane channe...