Targeting TGFβ-activated kinase-1 activation in microglia reduces CAR T immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Neurology, Life Sciences, Immunology,
microglia   TGFβ-activated kinase-1   CAR T cells   neurotoxicity syndrome  

In this study, researchers explored the role of the TAK1 activation pathway in CAR T cell therapy-associated immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). They established a mouse ICANS model and found that following the transfer of CAR19 T cells, cerebellar cells were activated, underwent morphological changes, and expressed more...

Hyperbolic secant representation of the logistic function: Application to probabilistic multiple instance learning for CT intracranial hemorrhage detection

Information Science, Artificial Intelligence, Medicine, Neurology, Medical Imaging, Life Sciences, Bioengineering,
multiple instance learning   gaussian processes   bayesian variational inference   intracranial hemorrhage detection  

There has long been a problem of “weak supervision” in the field of artificial intelligence, where only part of the labels are observable in the training data, while the remaining labels are unknown. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a paradigm to address this issue. In MIL, the training data is divided into multiple “bags”, each containing multi...

Brief Communication: Brain Clearance is Reduced During Sleep and Anesthesia

Medicine, Neurology,
sleep   brain clearance   neuroscience  

Brain Clearance Mechanism Suppressed During Sleep and Anesthesia Background Clearing metabolic wastes and toxic substances from the brain is a crucial process for maintaining a healthy nervous system. However, the specific mechanism of this process has been debated. A widely discussed viewpoint suggests that the sleep state promotes the function of...

Closed-loop recruitment of striatal interneurons prevents compulsive-like grooming behaviors

Closed-loop recruitment of striatal interneurons prevents compulsive-like grooming behaviors

Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology, Life Sciences, Biophysics,
compulsive behavior   striatum   parvalbumin interneurons   closed-loop optogenetics   grooming  

Obsessive-compulsive behaviors have long been associated with overactivation of the striatum. The GABA-ergic parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVIs) in the striatum play a crucial role in regulating striatal activity and inhibiting inappropriate motivated behaviors. To investigate the potential role of striatal PVIs in regulating obsessive-compuls...

Cognitive representations of intracranial self-stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons depend on stimulation frequency

Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics,
dopamine   neurons   self-stimulation   cognitive representations   stimulation frequency  

This paper reports a study on the cognitive representation of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) of midbrain dopamine neurons. The authors aimed to answer why rats work to obtain ICSS, i.e., how the pulsatile activation of dopamine neurons is represented in the brain. Research Background: The pulsatile activation of dopamine neurons is typically ...

The subcommissural organ regulates brain development via secreted peptides

The subcommissural organ regulates brain development via secreted peptides

Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology,
subcommissural organ   secreted peptides   brain development  

I. Research Background and Purpose The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a glandular structure located at the entrance of the ventricular system, which is present in humans and other vertebrates, but its function has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have suggested that the SCO may be involved in the regulation of neural development and the m...