In the mammalian brain, auditory perception relies on the transmission of information from the thalamus to the cortex. For a long time, the medial geniculate body (MGB) has been considered the primary hub of the auditory thalamus, responsible for transmitting sound signals to the auditory cortex (Auc). However, whether other thalamic inputs also pa...

Academic Background The hippocampus is a critical region in the brain responsible for spatial navigation and episodic memory. Pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus (CA1 pyramidal neurons, CA1PNs) encode an animal’s position in the environment by forming “place fields” (PFs). The formation of place fields relies on behavioral timesc...

Academic Background Neuroscience research has made significant progress over the past decade, particularly in the development of neurotechnologies and genetic tools for dissecting neural circuit functions. However, the advancement of neuropharmacological methodologies has lagged in comparison. Understanding the precise pharmacological mechanisms of...

Academic Background Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are often accompanied by abnormal aggregation and propagation of pathological proteins. The abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein is a central pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies. Although extensive resear...

Academic Background Sleep plays a crucial role in memory formation, particularly non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which is considered a critical stage for memory consolidation. However, the specific mechanisms underlying memory consolidation, especially how intracellular signaling molecules coordinate with neural activity, remain a mystery. Cyc...

Academic Background Stroke is one of the leading causes of adult disability globally, with the core issue being neuronal damage and neurological dysfunction. Although neurogenesis and neurorepair after stroke are considered crucial for recovery, the specific mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have shown that immune cells play...