Research Background and Academic Significance Olfaction is one of the most important ways for humans to sense the external environment, fundamentally relying on olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE). These neurons possess the ability to regenerate throughout life, primarily due to the presence of local basal stem cell po...

Unlocking a New Mechanism for the Regulation of Neurotransmitter Release: A Review of Munc13-1’s Novel Autoinhibitory Structure and Its Calcium-Modulated Role I. Academic Background and Research Motivation Signal transmission between neurons relies on chemical synapses, with precise neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals via synaptic e...

Academic Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the leading causes of cognitive impairment and vision loss in the elderly population worldwide. Although they affect different organs (the brain and the retina, respectively), recent studies have revealed shared pathological features, such as β-amyloid (Aβ) ...

Academic Background Microglia are the only resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS) and play critical roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. Traditionally, microglia were viewed as homogeneous “resting” or “activated” states, but the advent of single-cell sequencing technologies has revealed their remarkable transcriptional...

Academic Background In recent years, the role of immune signaling pathways in nervous system homeostasis has garnered increasing attention. Traditionally, the inflammasome, a core complex of innate immunity, was thought to activate only during infection or tissue damage, participating in pathological processes through caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis ...

1. Academic Background Glioblastoma (GBM) and pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (e.g., H3K27M-mutant) are among the most aggressive tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), with limited efficacy from conventional treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy). For decades, the CNS was considered to have “immune privilege,” meaning the immune s...