Complex Neural-Immune Interactions Shape Glioma Immunotherapy

Medicine, Neurology, Oncology, Life Sciences, Immunology,
neural-immune interactions   glioma   immunotherapy   central nervous system   tumor microenvironment  

1. Academic Background Glioblastoma (GBM) and pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (e.g., H3K27M-mutant) are among the most aggressive tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), with limited efficacy from conventional treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy). For decades, the CNS was considered to have “immune privilege,” meaning the immune s...

Interleukin-34-Dependent Perivascular Macrophages Promote Vascular Function in the Brain

Medicine, Neurology, Life Sciences, Immunology,
macrophages   brain vasculature   interleukin-34   perivascular macrophages   vascular function  

Academic Background Macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS) include microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs). BAMs are distributed in the meninges, choroid plexus, and perivascular spaces, with perivascular macrophages (PVMs) being closely associated with cerebrovascular function. However, the mechanisms underlying BAM maintenance...

Direct Microglia Replacement Reveals Pathologic and Therapeutic Contributions of Brain Macrophages to a Monogenic Neurological Disease

Medicine, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Immunology,
microglia   macrophages   monogenic disease   neuropathology   therapy  

Academic Background Krabbe disease (also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy, GLD) is a fatal pediatric neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. A hallmark pathological feature of this disease is the presence of lipid-laden globoid cells (GCs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, hematopoie...

Monocytes Can Efficiently Replace All Brain Macrophages and Fetal Liver Monocytes Can Generate Bona Fide Sall1+ Microglia

Medicine, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Immunology,
monocytes   brain macrophages   fetal liver monocytes   microglia   Alzheimer's disease   cell replacement therapy   epigenetics  

Academic Background The homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) relies on two key types of macrophages: microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs). Traditionally, microglia are believed to originate from the embryonic yolk sac and possess lifelong self-renewal capabilities, while bone marrow (BM)-derived monocytes in adults cannot r...

Unconventional Secretion of Park7 Requires Lysosomal Delivery via Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy and Specialized SNARE Complex

Medicine, Neurology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Biophysics,
unconventional secretion   Park7/DJ-1   autophagy   SNARE complex   oxidative stress  

1. Research Background The Parkinson’s disease-associated protein PARK7/DJ-1 (hereafter referred to as PARK7) is a multifunctional protein that plays critical roles in various pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and inflammation. Despite lacking a conventional N-terminal signal peptide sequence, PARK7 can be secret...

The Interpeduncular Nucleus Blunts the Rewarding Effect of Nicotine

Medicine, Neurology,
interpeduncular nucleus   nicotine   reward effect   chemogenetics   neural circuit  

Nicotine is the primary addictive substance in tobacco, promoting smoking behavior by activating the brain’s dopamine reward system. Although the mechanisms of nicotine addiction have been extensively studied, the specific pathways through which it acts in the brain, particularly how it modulates reward and aversion through different neural circuit...