Academic Background Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a crucial tool in modern medical diagnostics, and its effectiveness relies heavily on the use of contrast agents (CAs). Traditional MRI contrast agents are mainly based on gadolinium (Gd) complexes. Although these agents are widely used in clinical practice, their long-term safety is controver...

Academic Background Bioluminescence technology is a highly sensitive and non-invasive imaging technique, enabling real-time monitoring in living organisms without the need for external light sources. Luciferase is the key enzyme that catalyzes the light-emitting reaction, but natural luciferases face multiple limitations, such as poor protein foldi...

Background Introduction The application of live bacteria in the biomedical field has garnered significant attention in recent years. Traditionally, bacteria were viewed as pathogens that needed to be eradicated. However, with the advancement of modern bacteriology, there has been a growing recognition of the complex symbiotic relationship between b...

Nicotine is the primary addictive substance in tobacco, promoting smoking behavior by activating the brain’s dopamine reward system. Although the mechanisms of nicotine addiction have been extensively studied, the specific pathways through which it acts in the brain, particularly how it modulates reward and aversion through different neural circuit...

Academic Background Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor dysfunction, loss of dopaminergic neurons, and abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Although the cause of most PD cases remains unclear, approximately 5%-10% of cases are due to monogenic mutations. The SNCA gene, w...

Research Background The visual system is one of the most complex sensory systems in the mammalian brain, relying on the coordinated activity of multiple brain regions, particularly the information transfer between the thalamus and the primary visual cortex (V1). The processing of visual information involves not only the extraction of basic features...