The New Role of BOK Protein in Calcium Signaling Regulation Background Introduction BOK (Bcl-2-related ovarian killer) is a member of the Bcl-2 protein family and has long been thought to play a role in cell apoptosis. However, recent studies suggest that BOK may also have non-apoptotic functions, particularly in the regulation of calcium ion (Ca²⁺...

SIRT5-JIP4 Interaction Promotes Osteoclastogenesis by Modulating RANKL-Induced Signaling Transduction Research Background Osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by reduced bone density and disrupted bone microstructure, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Osteoclasts, the primary cells responsible for bone resorption, play a cri...

Signal Integrator Function of CXXC5 in Cancer Academic Background CXXC5 (CXXC-type zinc finger protein 5) is a member of the ZF-CXXC protein family and plays a pivotal role in signal integration and information transfer within the cellular signaling network. By regulating multiple signaling pathways (such as Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/BMP, ATM/p53, etc.)...

Discovery of a New Immunotherapy Target for Ewing Sarcoma Background Introduction Ewing sarcoma (Ewing’s sarcoma, EWS) is a common pediatric bone cancer, accounting for approximately 2% of childhood cancers. Despite significant advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and CAR-T cell therapy in various cancers, their efficacy in Ewing sarcoma...

Targeting ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK Pathways Attenuates Golgin-97 Depletion-Induced Breast Cancer Progression Research Background Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) having a particularly high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. TNBC lacks expression of estrogen receptor, proges...

The Role of Histone Demethylases in Autophagy and Inflammation Background Introduction Autophagy is an essential lysosomal degradation process in eukaryotic cells, playing a critical role in cellular component renewal and homeostasis maintenance. Dysregulation of autophagy is associated with various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory diseases...