IL-10 Sensing by Lung Interstitial Macrophages Prevents Bacterial Dysbiosis-Driven Pulmonary Inflammation and Maintains Immune Homeostasis

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Respiratory System, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Immunology, Microbiology,
IL-10   Lung Interstitial Macrophages   Bacterial Dysbiosis   Pulmonary Inflammation   Immune Homeostasis   Chronic Inflammation   Microbiota  

1. Research Background The pathogenesis of chronic lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear, particularly regarding the interaction between pulmonary commensal microbiota and the immune system. While interleukin-10 (IL-10), a key anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been extensively studied in gut homeostasis, its role in pulmonary immun...

Alcaligenes faecalis Induces Intestinal T Helper 17 Cells by Promoting E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM21-Mediated FBXW7 Degradation

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Microbiology,
Alcaligenes faecalis   Th17 cells   TRIM21   FBXW7   ubiquitination   intestinal immunity   cell differentiation  

1. Research Background Intestinal Th17 cells play a central role in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis and defending against pathogen infections. Previous studies identified segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) as key microbes inducing intestinal Th17 cells, but controversies exist regarding SFB colonization in adult intestines: 1. Clinical Par...

Computationally Designed Proteins Mimic Antibody Immune Evasion in Viral Evolution

Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Life Sciences, Biochemistry, Bioengineering, Immunology, Microbiology,
computational design   immune evasion   viral evolution   vaccine evaluation   SARS-CoV-2  

Academic Background The continuous mutation of SARS-CoV-2 has posed ongoing challenges to the efficacy of vaccines and antibody therapies. Traditional evaluation methods can only test against existing variants and fail to predict future immune escape mutations. To address this, Noor Youssef and colleagues developed the EVE-Vax (Evolutionary Variant...

Phosphoantigen-Induced Inside-Out Stabilization of Butyrophilin Receptor Complexes Drives Dimerization-Dependent γδ TCR Activation

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Biophysics,
phosphoantigens   Butyrophilin receptor complexes   γδ TCR   dimerization   cell activation  

Academic Background γδ T cells are a unique subset of the immune system, characterized by T cell receptors (TCRs) composed of γ and δ chains that recognize non-peptide antigens, such as phosphoantigens (PAgs) produced by microbial or tumor cells. Among them, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the most abundant γδ T cell subset in human circulation and play a criti...

Interleukin-34-Dependent Perivascular Macrophages Promote Vascular Function in the Brain

Medicine, Neurology, Life Sciences, Immunology,
macrophages   brain vasculature   interleukin-34   perivascular macrophages   vascular function  

Academic Background Macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS) include microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs). BAMs are distributed in the meninges, choroid plexus, and perivascular spaces, with perivascular macrophages (PVMs) being closely associated with cerebrovascular function. However, the mechanisms underlying BAM maintenance...

Somatic Hypermutation Unlocks Antibody Specificities Beyond the Primary Repertoire

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Life Sciences, Immunology,
somatic hypermutation   antibody specificity   primary repertoire   immune system   antigen recognition  

Academic Background One of the defining features of the adaptive immune system is its ability to generate highly diverse antigen receptors through V(D)J recombination, enabling recognition of a broad range of pathogenic threats. The traditional view holds that somatic hypermutation (SHM) in germinal centers (GCs) can only optimize pre-existing anti...