Alzheimer’s Disease and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Shared and Distinct Immune Mechanisms

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Neurology, Ophthalmology, Life Sciences, Immunology,
Alzheimer's Disease   Age-Related Macular Degeneration   Immune Mechanisms   Neuroinflammation   Therapeutic Strategies  

Academic Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the leading causes of cognitive impairment and vision loss in the elderly population worldwide. Although they affect different organs (the brain and the retina, respectively), recent studies have revealed shared pathological features, such as β-amyloid (Aβ) ...

IL-10 Sensing by Lung Interstitial Macrophages Prevents Bacterial Dysbiosis-Driven Pulmonary Inflammation and Maintains Immune Homeostasis

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Respiratory System, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Immunology, Microbiology,
IL-10   Lung Interstitial Macrophages   Bacterial Dysbiosis   Pulmonary Inflammation   Immune Homeostasis   Chronic Inflammation   Microbiota  

1. Research Background The pathogenesis of chronic lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear, particularly regarding the interaction between pulmonary commensal microbiota and the immune system. While interleukin-10 (IL-10), a key anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been extensively studied in gut homeostasis, its role in pulmonary immun...

Alcaligenes faecalis Induces Intestinal T Helper 17 Cells by Promoting E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM21-Mediated FBXW7 Degradation

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Microbiology,
Alcaligenes faecalis   Th17 cells   TRIM21   FBXW7   ubiquitination   intestinal immunity   cell differentiation  

1. Research Background Intestinal Th17 cells play a central role in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis and defending against pathogen infections. Previous studies identified segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) as key microbes inducing intestinal Th17 cells, but controversies exist regarding SFB colonization in adult intestines: 1. Clinical Par...

Phosphoantigen-Induced Inside-Out Stabilization of Butyrophilin Receptor Complexes Drives Dimerization-Dependent γδ TCR Activation

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Biophysics,
phosphoantigens   Butyrophilin receptor complexes   γδ TCR   dimerization   cell activation  

Academic Background γδ T cells are a unique subset of the immune system, characterized by T cell receptors (TCRs) composed of γ and δ chains that recognize non-peptide antigens, such as phosphoantigens (PAgs) produced by microbial or tumor cells. Among them, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the most abundant γδ T cell subset in human circulation and play a criti...

Somatic Hypermutation Unlocks Antibody Specificities Beyond the Primary Repertoire

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Life Sciences, Immunology,
somatic hypermutation   antibody specificity   primary repertoire   immune system   antigen recognition  

Academic Background One of the defining features of the adaptive immune system is its ability to generate highly diverse antigen receptors through V(D)J recombination, enabling recognition of a broad range of pathogenic threats. The traditional view holds that somatic hypermutation (SHM) in germinal centers (GCs) can only optimize pre-existing anti...

A Hierarchy of Intestinal Antigens Instructs the CD4+ T Cell Receptor Repertoire

Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology, Gastroenterology, Life Sciences, Immunology,
intestinal immunity   T cell receptor   microbiota   dietary antigens   inflammatory bowel disease  

I. Research Background The intestinal immune system must balance tolerance and defense against dietary antigens, microbiota-derived antigens, and self-antigens. Although CD4+ T cells are known to play a central role in gut immunity, how different antigen sources shape the composition of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire remains unclear. The trad...